Periodontally Compromised Teeth: to Retain or Replace with Implant-Juniper Online Journal of Case Studies-JuniperPublishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Juniper Online Journal of Case Studies

Periodontally Compromised Teeth: to Retain or Replace with Implant

Authored by Madhuri Alankar Sawai*

Periodontal disease is the most common form of oral destructive disease which eventually leads to the loss of tooth. It affects about 40-50% of the population worldwide. Its prevalence increases with increasing age. Hence, as the life span of an individual increases; there will be increased prevalence of periodontally compromised teeth. In the beginning of the 20th century, extracted teeth were replaced with dentures. But in the recent past they are increasing being replaced by implants. Although, osseointegrated implants were first introduced for the management of completely edentulous arches, they are now being frequently used to restore partially edentulous jaws. In the recent years, there has been an increased surge for extraction of periodontally compromised teeth and replacement with implants. Many of these natural teeth could be treated and salvaged for the next couple of years, if proper treatment is instituted. Hence, to extract a periodontally compromised tooth and its subsequent replacement with implant, as opposed to its retention by means of comprehensive periodontal therapy is one of the most debatable and complex decision to make in daily clinical practice.

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Safety and Efficacy of Ospemifene in Women with A History of Breast Cancer-Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health

Safety and Efficacy of Ospemifene in Women with A History of Breast Cancer

Authored by Nico Bruyniks*

This post-hoc analysis compares the efficacy and safety data from women with or without a history of breast cancer who had been enrolled in the ospemifene clinical trial program. Efficacy was assessed by the co-primary endpoints of most bothersome symptom (MBS; pooled data from two studies) and mean baseline to Week 12 change in vaginal pH and maturation index (pooled data from three studies). Safety was assessed using pooled data from all three studies. Comparisons were made between ospemifene-treated women with a history of breast cancer (≥10 years prior to enrolment; n=11) versus those without (n=1091). There were no differences in ospemifene-related improvements in symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (percentage whose MBS severity improved by ≥1 point on the 4-point severity scale) and in physiological parameters (vaginal pH, parabasal cells, and superficial cells) in women with versus without a history of breast cancer. Treatment-emergent adverse events and adverse drug reactions were comparable in the women using ospemifene who had a previous history of breast cancer (64% and 36%, respectively) compared with those that who did not (69% and 47%, respectively). In this small post-hoc analysis, previous history of breast cancer did not appear to affect the efficacy or safety of ospemifene. Trial registration numbers NCT01585558, NCT01586364, NCT00729469 and NCT00566982.

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The Role of Legally Available “Ergogenic” Nutritional Supplements in Exercise Performance: A Biochemical and Physiological Approach-Anatomy Physiology & Biochemistry International Journal-JuniperPublishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Anatomy Physiology & Biochemistry International Journal

The Role of Legally Available “Ergogenic” Nutritional Supplements in Exercise Performance: A Biochemical and Physiological Approach

Authored by Ioannis Delimaris*

Numerous supplements are marketed today as “ergogenic”. However, the available literature is still lacking conclusive information, while there is a large heterogeneity in the reported scientific data. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of legally available (according to the World Anti-Doping Code) “ergogenic” nutritional supplements in exercise performance using a biochemical and physiological approach. The literature available in the online databases Medline, PubChem, Toxnet, and Google Scholar was used. The research methodology refers to the brief review of the available published scientific studies. The literature search was conducted using the following terms / keywords: “ergogenic supplements”, “ergogenic aids” and “exercise performance”. The most popular and commonly used legally available “ergogenic” supplements by athletes are sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB), creatine, carnitine, caffeine, and the branched chain amino acids (BCAA). A proven ergogenic efficacy was found in: a) sodium bicarbonate in high-intensity exercise, b) creatine in exercise performance for sport events that require explosive, high-energy output activities, and c) caffeine in both prolonged endurance exercise and short-term intense exercise lasting approximately five minutes. The supplements have potential adverse effects so their use must be always prescribed by a sports physician in accordance with the needs and the medical history of the athlete. Moreover, further research is needed (including large scale follow-up studies) so as to draw definite conclusions about their long-term health safety.

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Mucosal Immunology of Human Head-Journal of Head Neck & Spine Surgery-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Journal of Head Neck & Spine Surgery

Mucosal Immunology of Human Head

Authored by Ibrahim M S Shnawa*

The theme for the immune system of human head is of tripartite nature. The common mucosal immune compartment, the mononuclear phagocyte cell system and the transudate cellular and humoral factors of the systemic immunity. These compartments were covering; natural, cross-road adaptive immune events outcomes. Among which, the common mucosal immune system, which can be mapped into; Cranial- Oral and nasal associate lymphoid tissue, conjunctiva and lachrymal associated lymphoid tissue ,Eustachian tube associate lymphoid tissue, nasopharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue as well as facial skin associated lymphoid tissue. In addition to the mononuclear phagocyte cell system and the natural immune barriers.

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Antifungal Resistance and its Evolution: An Increasing Concern-Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology

Antifungal Resistance and its Evolution: An Increasing Concern

Authored by Claudia Ortiz*

This work describes different mechanism of drug resistance and some aspects of evolution of fungi in order to evade antifungal effects. Fungal infections are an issue of concern, and it is necessary to develop new strategies in order to mitigate mortality rates caused by these types of pathogens. However, fungi exhibit different resistance mechanisms, ranging from genetic mutations to metabolic adaptations to the action of several antifungal compounds available for clinical treatments. However, some antifungal resistance are no-evident and need to be studied in order to avoid rising of new resistant fungal strains. Moreover, it is well known that drug resistance is linked to fungal evolution. For this reason, it is important to understand adaptation mechanisms carried out by fungi to resist antibiotic action, such as aminoacid mutations or different metabolic responses of fungal species to several antifungal drugs, in order to, design both new antifungal compounds or strategies for treating fungal infections.

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A Review on Enhanced Productivity Approaches in VCM Suspension Polymerization- Juniper publishers- Open access Journals

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Partial Nitrification to Nitrite using Activated Sludge Entrapped in Polymerized Gel: Continuous and Batch Operation in an Airlifting Reactor-Recent Advances in Petrochemical Science -Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Recent Advances in Petrochemical Science

Partial Nitrification to Nitrite using Activated Sludge Entrapped in Polymerized Gel: Continuous and Batch Operation in an Airlifting Reactor

Authored by Zhengjia Zhang*

Partial nitrification to nitrite using activated sludge entrapped in polymerized gel was investigated in an air-lifting reactor in both continuous and batch operations. High-rate partial nitrification to nitrite was achieved under non-limiting dissolved oxygen conditions during the start-up of the reactor. After the stable operation was established, HRT was optimized to achieve the effective ammonium conversion to nitrite and provide the effluent suitable potential for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (ANAMOX). The influences of process parameters, including dissolved oxygen concentrations, temperatures, and initial NH4+-N conditions, on partial nitrification kinetics were studied in batch operation. Data of the batch experiments indicate that it is feasible to achieve 95% ammonium removal with dominant nitrite accumulation under non-limiting DO conditions at the temperature of 24 °C or higher Reaction time affected the nitrite accumulation and the NH4+-N/NO2--N ratio in batch operation. These data demonstrate the potential of using immobilized activated sludge for partial nitrification in continuous and sequencing batch reactors and its applicability as the pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidization process.

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Compatibilization Potential of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants for Polymer Blends- Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Ahmad AdlieShamsuri

The development of the polymer composites industry has been very encouraging in the past years. The polymer blends have also been received considerable attention, this is due to the blends are easy to prepare, their production cost is low, and so on. At the present time, bioplastics such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate and polybutylene succinate are gaining consideration due to their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. Blend between bioplastics and biopolymers (for example; cellulose, zein and starch) to produce bioplastic/biopolymer blends have attracted the researchers’ interest. Besides, the produced bioplastic/biopolymer blends may also be able to be used in fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable products. Moreover, the utilization of expensive synthetic bioplastics can be reduced through consumption of biopolymers this can further lower the cost of products [1,2].

Nevertheless, the blend approach suffers from low physicochemical properties due to incompatibility in the blends system. The compatibility between the bioplastic and biopolymer is very low, thus results in reductions of their performance, particularly in the mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. The incompatibility is due to the bioplastic which wholly non-polar (hydrophobic) [3], while the biopolymer is naturally polar (hydrophilic) [4], and therefore the importance of compatibilization on the blends could not be ignored.

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A Review on Plastic Behavior of Polymer Sheets and Forming Process- Open access journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Eun Ho Lee

A Review on Plastic Behavior of Polymer Sheets and Forming Process

This paper presents a mini review about plastic behaviour of polymer sheets. The fundamental of plasticity and concept of constitutive modeling are introduced. As an application of the plastic behaviour, studies on forming process of polymer sheets are presents. Finally, the future woks are also discussed in the conclusion section.

Polymer is one of widely used material due to the great availability and low cost. For mass production, moulding and extrusion technologies have been widely employed for polymer processing in industries [1]. Recently, automotive industries are trying to reduce the weight of the vehicles for improving the fuel efficiency [2]. For the reason, they have an interest in polymer materials, and many researchers have studied mechanical behavior of polymer materials. Figure 1(a) shows an example of 1-dimensional tensile test which is the most widely used material testingmethods to obtain the material’s behavior. When a material is getting deformed, the material has aproportional relation between stress and strain within a range of strain and this proportional relation iscalled elastic modulus. This strain rage is called elastic range and the stress is called yield stress. In theelastic range, the deformed material can recover the original shape, as shown in the path A. However, if thestrain level is over the elastic limit, a permanent deformation remains on the material even though thematerial slightly recovers the strain [3,4]. This recovered strain is called elastic strain, and the permanentdeformation is called plastic strain, as shown in path B of Figure 1(a). Figure 1(b) shows general behaviors ofpolymer materials. The elastic behavior is almost the same for all the materials. However, right after theelastic limit, rigid plastic easily leads to a material failure while other materials have more margin to bedeformed. For the reason, rigid plastic material does not show plastic behavior. This break point determinesthe elongation, the ration between the deformed length and the original length until the break point. Table 1 shows a summary of the mechanical property of polymer materials [5].

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A Novel Empirical Approach to Estimate the Acoustic Properties of Smart Materials: Part I- Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Francesca Nanni

A Novel Empirical Approach to Estimate the Acoustic Properties of Smart Materials

In this work, a novel empirical approach to the estimation of the rheological behaviour of smart materials from the sound insulation capabilities is proposed. The testing protocol relies on a small sound research facility that was designed with the goal of achieving a movable yet flexible measurement system, suitable for both laboratory environments and quality assurance departments.

Unlike other test protocols relying on lightweight acoustic research solutions, the proposed methodology was developed to perform acoustic tests in a diffused field environment, a test condition much closer to real life applications, and in a sufficiently wide frequency range (eg. 2 -10kHz).

The proposed test methodology was validated by means of modal analysis of the chamber and by comparison between empirical acoustical test results (insertion loss) and the expected theoretical results.

At last, as a proof of concept, it is showed how to apply the proposed protocol to the measurement of the sound insulation of a novel laminate containing a nano composite core and how to evaluate indirectly the rheological behaviour merely from acoustical data.

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Surface Modification and Application of Nanomaterials in Biotechnology- Juniper Publishers- Open access journals

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Hélio Ribeiro

Surface Modification and Application of Nanomaterials in Biotechnology

In the last years, inorganic nanostructures as carbon nanotubes, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and metallic nanoparticles have been applied in several biomedical and nanotechnology fields. These different types of nanomaterials also are awakened as new perspectives in prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic areas. However, the uses depends strongly on their chemical and physical surfaces that display an important role in their biocompatibility in different biological systems. A brief study of several types of nanomaterials, their modifications and biomedical application is the main contribution of this short communication.

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Journal of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Therapy

The Effect of Low-Level Electrical Stimulation of the Aortic Root Ventricular Ganglionated Plexi on the Treatment of Heart Failure

Authored by Qiang-Sun Zheng*

Congenital heart failure (HF) is one of the most popular heart disease, which is often accompanied by arrhythmia especially atrial fibrillation (AF). Both HF and AF share the similar underlying pathogenesis such as structural, neurohormonal, and electrical atrial or ventricular remodeling. Unfortunately, traditional pharmacological therapy may not be as useful for the treatment of HF in patients with AF as it is in patients in normal sinus rhythm. Because imbalanced tone of autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays the key role in the initiation of AF in patient with HF, modulation of ANS became a hotly debated point in the current research and practice.

Strong vagal stimulation had long been used to induce AF and high level nerve stimulation is considered to facilitate both AF and HF. Recently, Li et al. gave a novel idea that low-level electrical stimulation (LL-ES) of vagal nerve VNS could suppress AF by inhibiting the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) and prevent episodic AF arising from pulmonary vein or non-pulmonary vein. Following Li's study, increasing evidences suggested that LL-ES of vagal nerve, with voltage levels 10-50% below threshold showed an antiarrhythmic effect. Furthermore, Stavrakis et al. demonstrated that transcutaneous LL-ES suppresses AF and decreases inflammatory cytokines in patients with paroxysmal AF. These results indicated LL-ES of autonomic nerve could bring both anti- arrhythmia and anti-inflammation effect.

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Total Face Beautification using Serdev Sutures- Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics

Authored by Nikolay Serdev

Beautification is the main goal in cosmetic surgery. Both words “cosmetic” in Latin and “aesthetic” in Greek language mean “beautification”. Both terms “cosmetic” and “aesthetic surgery” are wrongly understood as rejuvenation, anti aging, restoration, reconstruction etc., if no beautification is obtained.

It has been found that certain points in a face composition automatically attract the observer’s attention. Many objects and scenes with certain proportions please us automatically.

The scarless transcutaneous “Serdev suture®” Lifts are using a curved elastic needle and a semi-elastic thread, to suture(sew) the mobile SMAS to periosteum. In face these are temporal, medial, lower SMAS and platysma lift, brow lift, cheekbone lift and augmentation, chin enhancement along with modifications and combinations to create beautification in young people and rejuvenation plus beautification in elderly

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Indication-Specific Approach to Filler Injections- Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics

Authored by Sabine Zenker

Even though facial aging starts at the surface by showing signs of skin aging, the changes go far beyond the skin: it finally involves all other facial structures such as the muscles, retaining ligaments, fat pads and the bony structures. Predominantly and for a youthful and appealing look, the architecture and position of the fat pads is pivotal. But over time, the facial fat pads get redistributed, they do atrophy and get separated [1-6]. Further to this, a remarkable bony resorption takes place and doesn`t give the needed structural support [3,6,7]. All this results in deflation, volume loss and sagging in a three-dimensional way [6,8].

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Treatment of the Ear Giant Keratoacanthoma with Topical Imiquimod- Open acess Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics

Authored by Hong-Duo Chen

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is an epidermal neoplasma with rapid growth and severe local destruction. Owing to its similarities to squamous cell carcinoma, complete surgical excision is mainly recommended. Topical imiquimod is an ideal option for the problematic sites and cosmetic demands. Here we report a giant case of KA on a rare anatomical location, and fully recorded the disease process. The patient was treated successfully with topical imiquimod.

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Uncommon Elderly-Onset Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis: A Case Report with Dermoscopic and Histopathologic Correlation- Open access journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics

Authored by Suparuj Lueangarun

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is a rare hamartoma of the skin characterized by histological presence of ectopic mature adipocyte in the dermis. We presented an uncommon case of the adult-onset classical form of NLCS, with the correlations between dermoscopy and histopathology of homogenous yellowish area, corresponding to the histological finding of mature fat cell in upper dermisfor the diagnosis of this type of skin condition.

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Prospects for the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Medicine- open access journals-Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics

Authored by J Igielska-Kalwat

Prospects for the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Medicine

Nanotechnology has become one of the most intensely developing area of research and it combines the achievements from many branches of science. In 1985, Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley discovered a new allotropic and molecular form of carbon making icosahedral hollow structures, known as fullerene. As this structure is hollow inside, it can host metal atoms or molecules of chemical compounds. It is expected that this form of drug administration may revolutionise medical industry in near future [1]. Since 1991, so since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, they have been studied in a number of research centres of which the pioneering group has been headed by Prof. SumioIijima, NEC, Japan. New properties and new possibilities of application are discovered daily. New composites with carbon nanotubes have been proposed, showing high mechanical strength, high electric conductivity, and exceptional mechanical or electric features. In medical therapy the use of carbon nanotubes permits application of active substances to exactly defined target which shortens the time in which the drug reaches the target and increases the effectiveness of therapy.

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Photodynamic Therapy Overcoming the Hypoxia Microenvironment in Tumor Tissues- Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Zheng Ruan

Photodynamic Therapy Overcoming the Hypoxia Microenvironment in Tumor Tissues

hotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been broadly exploited as an substitute therapeutic for cancer treatment since it was first allowed for the treatment of bladder cancer in 1993 [1]. It depends on the ability of photo sensitizers (PS) to transfer energy from light irradiation to tumor-dissolved oxygen (O₂) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cells [2,3]. In the presence of molecular oxygen (O₂), PS photo activation results in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (O₂) and damage to tumor tissues. Compared with other traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, PDT is invasive and negligibly toxic [4]. Since treatment occurs only where light is delivered, it avoids systematic treatment. Moreover, PDT can cause an inflammation immune response and enlargement of anti-tumor immune surveillance. These primary and secondary reaction mechanisms provide great inspiration for developing PDT for cancer treatment [5].

First of all, the high efficiency of the PDT agent itself should be emphasized. The photo sensitizer with higher singlet oxygen quantum yield could yield more ROS after the same irradiation condition. Many dyes obtained from natural or synthetic sources with high intersystem’s crossing (ISC) which have been used for singlet oxygen reactions. The heavy atom effect has been a valuable chemical approach to increase ISC in several molecules including BODIPY chromophores [6]. Regarding of that, we have designed and synthesized a kind of boron-dipyrromethene derivative with bromine substituted (BDP-Br) which has shown excellent ability of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation for PDT. Then, a simply PE Gylated BDP-Br (PEG-BDP) as some kind of macro photo sensitizer was prepared which has shown superior cellular uptake ability and high efficiency of imaging and curing to PDT therapy in vitro and in vivo [7].

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Polymer Science, From Academic to All, Open access journal-juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Cheng Chen

For over a century, polymer science has experienced many important developments, and many achievements have been made on the basis of theoretical and empirical research. Polymers have unique properties such as high strength, toughness and elasticity due to their intermolecular behavior causing by the large molecular weight and long molecular chain, which are very different from those of small molecules. Polymer compounds are ubiquitous in nature, including the protein and cellulose that make up the organism, nucleic acids that carrying biological genetic information, and raw materials of clothes such as cotton, wool and silk. On the other hand, synthetic polymers play an important role in polymer science. Such kinds of polymers are produced from small molecules via poly-addition or poly-condensation method. Nowadays, polymers are indispensable in people’s life, and the researches aimed at solving scientific problems as well as particle applications needs to be strengthened, with emphasis on spreading academic reporting articles to the public.

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Energy Potential of Natural, Synthetic Polymers and Waste Materials - A Review, Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Michael Ioelovich

Energy Potential of Natural, Synthetic Polymers and Waste Materials

In this paper, the energy potential of natural (polysaccharides, lignin, etc.), and synthetic polymers (polyolefins, etc.), polymer materials (plant biomass, plastics and their solid waste), as well as combustible liquids and gases derived from them has been studied. To determine calorific values of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, various experimental and calculation methods were used. For this purpose, improved equations based on chemical structure and elemental analysis was proposed. It was shown that the conversion of solid materials into liquids or gases reduces the yield of thermal energy. Therefore for the production of thermal energy, it is more profitable to burn the solid biomass or plastic than combustible liquids and gases, derived from them. Studies have shown that lipids and lignin increase, whereas moisture and ash reduce the calorific value of biomass. The calorific value of most synthetic polymers and plastics is higher than that of biomass samples, but resources of waste plastics are about 10 times lower than these of biomass. The use of compacted mixture of biomass and plastic waste enables to obtain solid fuels with unique properties, such as increased calorific value and energy density, as well as reduced emission of carbon dioxide. Considering the total amount of biomass and plastics waste destined for combustion, it was calculated that current annual energy potential of the waste materials is about 145 EJ. The increase the share of biomass in the production of alternative energy can simultaneously contribute to reducing in greenhouse gas emission and improving the ecological state of the environment.

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