Effect of Aphanizomenon Flos-Aquae (Afa) on Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation in African Adult Donkeys (Equus africanus) during Fracture HEALING (NTAB) - Juniper Publishers

Effect of Aphanizomenon Flos-Aquae (Afa) on Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation in African Adult Donkeys (Equus africanus) during Fracture HEALING by Ochube GE in Novel Techniques in Arthritis & Bone Research - Juniper Publishers

Stem enhance is a patented blend of migratose® and mobilin™-proprietary natural concentrations of an edible aquatic botanical known as Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae (AFA) [1,2]. Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae (AFA) has been growing in a unique, pristine environment in the North Western United States of America for long; it has been safely consumed for over three decades [3,4]. Stem enhance is the world’s first ever natural stem cell enhancer, the only natural supplement in the world proven to support the natural release of one’s adult stem cells from ones bone marrow [5,6]. Two capsules of stem enhance (2.5mg/ kg) support an average 25% increase in the natural release of adult stem cell [7,8] this is equivalent to 3 to 4 million stem cells in circulation. Stem cells are defined as cells with the unique ability to self replicate into various cell types of the body [9]. Generally speaking, there are two types of stem cells. Embryonic stem cells and Adult stem cells, [10]. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are extracted within 5-10 days from an embryo called blastula [11,12]. Once isolated ESC can be grown in-vitro and led to differentiate into various type of tissue cell (such as heart cells, nervous cells, kidney cells) [13] after which they are injected in specific tissues in order to regenerate the tissue [14].

https://juniperpublishers.com/ntab/NTAB.MS.ID.555564.php

https://juniperpublishers.com/ntab/pdf/NTAB.MS.ID.555564.pdf

Identification of Femoral Reference Lines and Angles in Saggital Plane-Juniper Publishers

Identification of Femoral Reference Lines and Angles in Saggital Plane by Solomin LN in Novel Techniques in Arthritis & Bone Research - Juniper Publishers

In order to determine or exclude the presence of deformation of the long bone, reference lines and angles (RLU) are used. RLS includes anatomical, mechanical axis of bones, joint lines, as well as anatomical and mechanical angles in the frontal and sagittal planes.Anatomy of the femur in the sagittal plane is of great clinical importance. It affects the position of the point of introduction of the intramedullary stem, the design of the femoral components of the revision hip joint endoprostheses. It is known that the diaphysis of the femur has a physiological bend in the sagittal plane. As a result, the anatomical axis of the femur in the sagittal plane looks like a curved line. In the works devoted to the treatment of deformities of the femur, both for planning the correction of deformities in the sagittal plane and for evaluating the anatomical results of treatment, the authors use only the distal anatomical angle of the femur . However, the use of only anatomical articular angles in the sagittal plane allows one to evaluate the physiological flexure of the femur not throughout the entire diaphysis, but only in the proximal and distal parts of the femur. In addition, the study conducted by WM Tang found that the distal third of the femur has a significantly greater curvature than the proximal and middle third of it. 

https://juniperpublishers.com/ntab/NTAB.MS.ID.555562.php

https://juniperpublishers.com/ntab/pdf/NTAB.MS.ID.555562.pdf

Novel Ankle Brace for Rapid and Ambulatory Recovery from a Distal Fibular Evulsion Fracture in a 68 YO Man- Juniper Publishers

Novel Ankle Brace for Rapid and Ambulatory Recovery from a Distal Fibular Evulsion Fracture in a 68 YO Man by John D Mountz in Novel Techniques in Arthritis & Bone Research- Juniper Publishers

This is a case report of a lateral evulsion fracture of the distal fibula of the left foot. A novel lightweight brace is described that enables normal ambulation, normal weight bearing, normal healing, and good compliance since it can be worn with normal shoes under the pants. The results suggest that complete immobilization with a cast or CAM walker and extensive non-weight bearing and time off work is not necessary for some patients with non-displaced, distal fibular fractures and that prolonged periods of immobilization and more sophisticated braces are not cost and do not result in superior recovery.

https://juniperpublishers.com/ntab/NTAB.MS.ID.555561.php

https://juniperpublishers.com/ntab/pdf/NTAB.MS.ID.555561.pdf

Primary Cilium, a Potential Target of Microgravity Induced Bone Loss-Juniper Publishers

Microgravity in space can cause various problems in different biological systems. One of the most prominent and well recognized physiological challenges accompanying an extended spaceflight is the reduction in bone mass. However, the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are still elusive. Primary cilium is a solitary and special organelle that emanates from the surface of most mammalian cells, which is anchored to the cell by mother centriole during the interphase and G₀ of cell cycle. For a long time, primary cilium was considered as a vestigial organelle. Until recently it was found that primary cilium provided a means of sequestering the centriole, so as to inhibit cell division. More significantly, a variety of receptors, ion channels and transporter proteins have been localized to the cilium, which has been proved as a key coordinator of signaling pathways to respond mechanical and chemical stimuli. Primary cilium has been proved as a mechano sensor to regulate bone formation both in osteocytes and osteoblasts. It can act as a sensory organelle to receive extracellular signals and change its orientation to translate mechanical stimuli into biochemical and transcriptional changes, and as a result, bone formation is activated. Inspired by established role as a mechano sensor, the role of primary cilium in microgravity induced bone loss must be studied. In here we present the structure and function of primary cilium in bone metabolism process, and prospect the importance of primary cilia in microgravity stimulated osteoporosis.

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Pressure Plate Fixation according to Brunner & Weber for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Non-Union of the Femur. A Theoretical -Biomechanical Analysis-Juniper Publishers

Most femoral fractures heal well with appropriate treatment. Failure of a fracture to heal is often multifactorial. Fractures in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal transition zone that are provoked by the dissipation of high energy are notorious for their complications; such as infections, non-union, mal- union. Delayed union implies slow healing, longer than is reasonably expected for a given fracture. Non-union occurs when a fracture has ceased to show any evidence of healing, as indicated by persistent fracture lines, sclerosis at the fragment ends and hypertrophic or absent callus. ‘Wave’ plate fixation is a form of bridging plate fixation which also tries to enhance the ‘tension band'effect by increasing the offset of an appropriately contoured plate from the loading axis of the femur. In a previous study the authors reported promising results on eight cases of long standing (more than three years) non-union of the femur treated with the compression "wave " plate according to Weber and Brunner. In this study we try to substantiate the alleged benefit of using an autologous iliac strut graft beneath the contoured segment of the plate in decreasing the load on the plate.

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Review of Ameliorative Potentials of Plant-Derived Phytochemicals against Arthritics-Juniper Publishers

Arthritis is the inflammation in the joints which leads problem in moving around. It can lead to stiffness, pain, swelling and redness in the joints. There are diverse types of arthritis such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis, gout and psoriatic arthritis. Generally, it is considered as a part of aging posed disease however it occur to others also. The major reasons for the incidence of this disease were injury, autoimmune i.e., immune system starts attacking its own cells and tissues, external infection and excess uric acid accumulation. Herbals are employed for the treatment of many ailments from historical periods and herbal drugs use is as old as mankind. Herbal drugs are synthesized from ancient system of medicine by the traditional practitioners. Nowadays, pharmacologists show much interest in those novel drugs derived from herbals because of their safety and less expensive. Nature has empowered with wealth of herbals and is widely distributed all over the world as source of therapeutic drugs for the prevention and cure of many diseases. According to WHO, world’s 80% population use plant based drugs for their primary health needs. The medicinally important parts of these herbals are phytochemical constituents that produce a desired physiological reaction on the body and there by curative action.

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Cartilage Tissue Engineering-A Novel Biomaterial for Cartilage Repair Generated by Self- Assembly: Creation of a Self-Organized Articular Cartilage-like Tissue-Juniper Publishers

For the treatment of advanced joint destruction and degeneration, reconstruction of joints using new technologies such as tissue engineering are now attracting attention. Biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering have already been so well devised that they have sufficiently high affinity to the bone and enough rigidity similar to bone to be usable for the treatment of bone defects. Since bone itself has superb ability of remodeling, grafted bone is replaced by the host bone tissue through self-organization over a period of several weeks to months. In contrast, materials suitable for cartilage repair still remain to be created which have perfectly cartilage-specific tissue qualities represented by properties of high elasticity and high lubrication.

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Technical Advances in Transcriptional Profiling are Accelerating the Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Juniper Publishers

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that may affect many, if not all, synovial joints all over the body. RA is extremely prevalent, affecting about 0.7% of adults and over 21 million people worldwide. The mean age of onset of RA is typically between 50 and 60 years. Despite the fact that antibody-based biologic therapeutics, such as anti-TNF, anti-IL6, anti-B-cell and anti-T-cell, have revolutionized the management of RA only about 65-70% of patients respond to any of the currently available biologic treatments. Furthermore, a so-called successful response may equate to only 50% reduction in symptoms and many patients eventually stop responding over time. Consequently, the disease may result in chronic painful deformities with a decrease in life expectancy of approximately 5-10 years. Thus, there is an urgency to find more effective therapies for over 50% of patients with RA.

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The Ishiguro Technique for the Treatment of Mallet Finger Fracture in Adolescent-Juniper Publishers

Mallet finger is the avulsion of the extensor tendon from the base of the distal phalanx with or without bony fragment. It occurs because of the hyper flexion or axial loading of the inter phalangeal joint, most often due to bicycle injuries and ball games. Injuries of the abruption extensor tendon in adolescents are rare. Treatment options for mallet finger fracture are primary conservative such as splint or cast. Splints or casts immobilize musculoskeletal injuries while alleviating pain and promoting healing. However, these interventions differ in their technique, indications, benefits, and risks. Operative treatment is indicated in case of fractures involving more than one third of the articular surface and/or volar subluxation of the inter phalangeal joint as well as open fractures and when conservative treatment is not successful. Reposition and internal fixation is required in the case of instable phalanx fractures and fractures with extensive destruction. These methods include: wire, intraosseous wire sutures, extra-and intraosseous compression pin fixation, and mini screw fixation.

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Is it Trendy to do Research on Graphene Based Materials for use in Regenerative Medicine?-Juniper Publishers

Regenerative medicine requires adequate physical supports to facilitate appropriate cellular architecture, cell polarization and guidance and the improvement of the correct differentiation processes of embryonic or adult stem cells and induced pluripotent cells. Interdisciplinary collaboration between cell biologists, physicists and engineers is required to develop and successfully achieve the objectives of this pioneering research in tissue engineering. We try, in these lines, to highlight some of the technical and methodological issues useful in the research of graphene-based nanomaterial cytocompatibility, focused on its use in biomedicine. The general goal must be increasing standardization, precision and reproducibility of cellular assays. We observed a direct relationship between the thickness and roughness of the graphene-based nanomaterials films and cell maturation. Therefore, the importance to find the most suitable thickness for inducing cell orientation, cell adherence and cell maturation. Because these types of nanomaterials are synthesized under highly controlled parameters, they might prove to be a powerful and reproducible platform for use in biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and development of biocompatible devices.

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Effectivenness of PRP on Pain, Function and Quality of Life in Chondromalacia and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Pretest Postest Analysis-Juniper Publishers

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is present as anterior knee pain and is a frequent over use disorder that affects the patellofemoral region. PFPS is the most common cause of knee pain seen by primary care physicians, traumatology, rehabilitation and sports medicine specialists. PFPS involves pain on the patella and retinaculum once intra-articular and peri-patellar pathology is excluded. For those reasons, the diagnosis is difficult, because there is no consensus about the pathophysiology and the treatment remains a challenge. Frequently chondromalacia is a term used to describe PFPS. Chondromalacia patella describes the pathologic changes in the articular cartilage of the patella, such as softening, erosion and fragmentation. Moreover, some authors consider chondromalacia patella as a precursor of Osteoarthritis (OA). PFPS describes complex symptoms and is an exclusion diagnosis, while chondromalacia patella is a pathologic diagnosis. PFPS is the most common diagnosis in sports medicine, is present in active individuals in up to 25-40% with knee pain; although, the true incidence is unknown. PFPS is multifactorial, resulting from an interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Overuse, malalignment and trauma are some causative factors. Abnormal tissue homeostasis that include inflamed synovial lining and fat pad tissues, retinacular neuromas, increased intraosseous pressure and increased osseous metabolic activity of the patella are believed to cause pain and dysfunction.

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Targeting HLA-B27 Misfolding as a Potential Therapeutic Treatment of Ankylosying Spondylitis-Juniper Publishers

HLA-B27 is a Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecule whose predominant function is the presentation of short 8-10 amino acid long peptides to cytotoxic CD8+T cells. HLA-B27 exhibits a strong association with a group of inflammatory arthritic diseases referred to as the spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The SpAs are characterized by inflammation at the entheses, followed by skeletal fusion, which predominantly occurs at the sacroiliac joint and along the vertebral column. In addition, the SpAs are characterized by inflammation of other organ systems such as the gastrointestinal tract, which is perhaps the next most common inflammatory lesion, manifesting as either a ‘Crohns’ or ‘colitis’ like disease. It remains unknown why these specific sites are targets for disease development but it has been proposed that exposure to mechanical stress could be a contributory factor. MHC class I heavy chains (PCs) assemble within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via transient associations with ER resident chaperones. MHC class I HCs form non-covalent interactions with the light chain beta-2 microglobulin (b2m) and associate with peptides of 8-10 amino acids long, before transiting through the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane. MHC class I molecules, which can misfold at any point along the assembly process, are expelled from the ER and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The pathway for degrading ER associated proteins is known as ER associated degradation (ERAD). However, different proteins may employ different components of the ERAD pathway.

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Novel Techniques in Arthritis & Bone Research-Juniper Publishers

Novel Techniques in Arthritis & Bone Researchis a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that places a momentous role by publishing novel and high-quality original research articles, review articles, short communication, rapid communication, letter to the editor, case-report and other material on all topics relating to all aspects of arthritis and bone research. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of arthritis and bone research. 

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