Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal
Abstract
In this article a new method and a station of
anti-hail protection are described based on the early prevention of hail
formation by significant shock waves, enriched by silver iodide or
other reagents, allowing implement fully autonomous and automotive
anti-hail protection of rural and urban areas of any size, restricted or
unrestricted.
Introduction
Despite the best efforts of the authorities, farmers
and researchers the protection of rural and urban areas from hail
remains an actual problem for all countries subject to hailstorm, since
every year, hail continues to cause irretrievable, great and severe
damage to agriculture, rural and urban vegetation and properties, both,
civil and state. To suppress hail power and to reduce damage from hail
in agriculture and in the economy it is necessary to use anti-hail
protection methods and stations that will be more efficient in
application and chip in exploitation. At present the anti-hail
protection of width areas is implemented by the following methods:
seeding of clouds with silver iodide or other substances, which induce
freezing to occur at warmer temperatures than otherwise, and the use of
sonic cannons (gas-generators) or other kinds of explosive devices,
which involves supersonic and significant shock waves generation and
their direction upwardly to the sky, to transports positive ions from
ground level to cloud level which disrupt formation of hail
nuclei. Both described techniques are not efficient against already
formed hailstones, so the most important requirement in their
application remains their timely startup. A developed method of hail
generative clouds early detection, based on the measuring of clouds
intrinsic emission in radiofrequencies [1-10], allows interrupt hail
formation in cumulonimbus and to implement fully autonomous and
automotive anti-hail protection of any areas of any size. However, to
increase efficiency of protection against hail, it is advisable to
combine sometimes two described methods, and to enrich the ground level
by reagents, which will then be moved to
cloud level by shock waves. In this presentation will be described a new
method and a station of anti-hail protection based on the early
prevention of hail formation by significant shock waves, enriched by
silver iodide or other reagents, allowing implement fully autonomous and
automotive anti-hail protection of rural and urban areas of any size,
restricted or unrestricted.
Clouds seeding by shock waves for hail prevention
In Figure 1 an option from [3] for implementation of
fully autonomous and automatically functioning large-scale network of
anti-hail protection is presented allowing to protect a vast
(practically unrestricted) area (1) comprising M>>1 spatially
distributed protected sites (2) 50-70 hectares each and hail trapping
areas (2T). Each protected site (2) and hail trapping area (2T) is
equipped with an anti-hail protection system (4) comprising a powerful
supersonic cannon (gas-generator) and a local detector-alerter for early
detection of impending hail or hail generative clouds, by measuring
apparent temperature of the corresponding part of the sky just over the
protected site or hail trapping area, and for timely starting-up the
corresponding site’s and trapping area’s gas-generators (supersonic
cannons). Detailed block diagrams of the corresponding site’s anti-hail
protection system including a local detector-alerter and a gas-generator
and initially described in [4-10] are presented in Figure 2.
The marginal sites of the protected area (1) in addition are
equipped with a remote sensing complex of K far-detection
(far-ranging) systems (3) spatially distributed along the edges
of the protected area as shown in Figure 1. The remote sensing
complex which serves the whole protected area (1) of M sites is
used for far-ranging detection of hail or hail generative clouds
over an adjacent land all around the protected area at a horizontal
distance 4-6km far from the edge (boundary) of the protected area
(1) and at the altitude 3-5km, as well as for warning the anti-hail
protection systems of the protected sites of the protected area
(1) by transmitting on the air the warning signals on impending
hail danger from a certain adjacent land of the protected area of
M sites. The number K depends on the type of spatial distribution
of M sites and it can have a value from the interval [1M], e.g. if
M sites are spatially distributed around a common center it will
be possible to use only one (K=1) far detection system. If all M
sites are located far apart as a long chain then for entire serving
the protected area of M sites it will be necessary to use K=M far
detection systems. Depending on the terrain relief, any of the
far detection systems can be installed individually, near or at
a distance from the corresponding detector-alerter, inside or
outside the corresponding protection site, etc. Further actions of
the chain are described in detail in [2,3]. A detailed block diagram
of the far detection system is presented in [1-10].
When M=K=1 the option of Figure 1 is performed into the
outline of a version of implementation of a local network of
autonomous and automatically functioning anti-hail protection of
the protected site (2) of a limited size, including a restricted area
like one of the marginal sites of Figure 1 and one or more trapping
areas (2T) [1]. Operation actions of the local network of an antihail
protection of a locally restricted area are described in detail in
[1]. Sometimes, some of marginal gas-generators of Figure 1 and
gas-generators of the trapping areas can be equipped in addition
by reagent injecting facilities, which can enhance hail trapping
and can make hail to fall out in trapping areas and thereby quickly
neutralize hail threat. A block diagram of the anti-hail protection
system (4) including the local detector-alerter and the gasgenerator
with reagent injecting facilities is presented in Figure 2.
When the far-range detector-alerter of any azimuth
direction
detects hail cloud or cumulonimbus coming from certain azimuth
direction it warns detector-alerters of nearby located protected
sites. Simultaneously it warns as well detector-alerters of the
relevant trapping areas (2T) by transmitting on the air warning
code-signals about impending hail danger from the certain
direction. In a case if the far-range detector-alerter detects a cloud
of severe hail the detector-alerters of nearby located protected
sites turn-off their gas-generators to skip impending hail cloud.
In opposite, the detector-alerters of the relevant trapping areas
set the “alert mode” of operation for their gas-generators and
start-up their gas-generators when the signals of sky brightness
temperature (apparent temperatures) exceed the “alert” threshold
level. Detector-alerters of the involved trapping areas turn-off their
gas-generators when the corresponding far-range detectoralerters
interrupt transmitting warning code signals on impending
hail danger and when the levels of the signals of sky intrinsic
microwave emission measured by their detector-alerters fall
below the “alert” thresholds levels. During the first few explosions,
a reagent is injected into the combustion chamber of the gasgenerator,
which, as a result of an explosion leaves the combustion
chamber through the conical barrel of the gas generator and
enriching the ground level of the air with microscopic particles
After that, due to the successions of significant shock waves the
particles of the injected reagent, together with existed in the air
positive ions are transported from ground level to cloud level. So,
by this way it is possible to increase the probability of disruption
of formation of hail nuclei and to implement fully autonomous and
automatic trapping of hail and to enhance protection possibilities
of the above described networks of locally restricted and wideranging
anti-hail protections.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that joint application of reagents and
shock waves can increase the cost of anti-hail protection and
pollution level of agricultural fields and environment, however
the combination of both techniques clouds seeding by reagents
and impact on clouds by generated and directed upwardly to
the sky supersonic and significant shock waves can enhance the
probability of hail prevention and hail suppression
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