The Role of Legally Available “Ergogenic” Nutritional Supplements in Exercise Performance: A Biochemical and Physiological Approach-Anatomy Physiology & Biochemistry International Journal-JuniperPublishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Anatomy Physiology & Biochemistry International Journal

The Role of Legally Available “Ergogenic” Nutritional Supplements in Exercise Performance: A Biochemical and Physiological Approach

Authored by Ioannis Delimaris*

Numerous supplements are marketed today as “ergogenic”. However, the available literature is still lacking conclusive information, while there is a large heterogeneity in the reported scientific data. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of legally available (according to the World Anti-Doping Code) “ergogenic” nutritional supplements in exercise performance using a biochemical and physiological approach. The literature available in the online databases Medline, PubChem, Toxnet, and Google Scholar was used. The research methodology refers to the brief review of the available published scientific studies. The literature search was conducted using the following terms / keywords: “ergogenic supplements”, “ergogenic aids” and “exercise performance”. The most popular and commonly used legally available “ergogenic” supplements by athletes are sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB), creatine, carnitine, caffeine, and the branched chain amino acids (BCAA). A proven ergogenic efficacy was found in: a) sodium bicarbonate in high-intensity exercise, b) creatine in exercise performance for sport events that require explosive, high-energy output activities, and c) caffeine in both prolonged endurance exercise and short-term intense exercise lasting approximately five minutes. The supplements have potential adverse effects so their use must be always prescribed by a sports physician in accordance with the needs and the medical history of the athlete. Moreover, further research is needed (including large scale follow-up studies) so as to draw definite conclusions about their long-term health safety.

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