Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science
Authored
by Michael Ioelovich
Energy Potential of Natural, Synthetic Polymers and Waste Materials
In this paper, the energy potential of natural (polysaccharides, lignin,
etc.), and synthetic polymers (polyolefins, etc.), polymer materials
(plant biomass, plastics and their solid waste), as well as combustible
liquids and gases derived from them has been studied. To determine
calorific values of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, various
experimental and calculation methods were used. For this purpose,
improved equations based on chemical structure and elemental analysis
was proposed. It was shown that the conversion of solid materials into
liquids or gases reduces the yield of thermal energy. Therefore for the
production of thermal energy, it is more profitable to burn the solid
biomass or plastic than combustible liquids and gases, derived from
them. Studies have shown that lipids and lignin increase, whereas
moisture and ash reduce the calorific value of biomass. The calorific
value of most synthetic polymers and plastics is higher than that of
biomass samples, but resources of waste plastics are about 10 times
lower than these of biomass. The use of compacted mixture of biomass and
plastic waste enables to obtain solid fuels with unique properties,
such as increased calorific value and energy density, as well as reduced
emission of carbon dioxide. Considering the total amount of biomass and
plastics waste destined for combustion, it was calculated that current
annual energy potential of the waste materials is about 145 EJ. The
increase the share of biomass in the production of alternative energy
can simultaneously contribute to reducing in greenhouse gas emission and
improving the ecological state of the environment.
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