Photodynamic Therapy Overcoming the Hypoxia Microenvironment in Tumor Tissues- Open access Journals- Juniper Publishers

Juniper publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science

Authored by Zheng Ruan

Photodynamic Therapy Overcoming the Hypoxia Microenvironment in Tumor Tissues

hotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been broadly exploited as an substitute therapeutic for cancer treatment since it was first allowed for the treatment of bladder cancer in 1993 [1]. It depends on the ability of photo sensitizers (PS) to transfer energy from light irradiation to tumor-dissolved oxygen (O₂) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cells [2,3]. In the presence of molecular oxygen (O₂), PS photo activation results in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (O₂) and damage to tumor tissues. Compared with other traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, PDT is invasive and negligibly toxic [4]. Since treatment occurs only where light is delivered, it avoids systematic treatment. Moreover, PDT can cause an inflammation immune response and enlargement of anti-tumor immune surveillance. These primary and secondary reaction mechanisms provide great inspiration for developing PDT for cancer treatment [5].

First of all, the high efficiency of the PDT agent itself should be emphasized. The photo sensitizer with higher singlet oxygen quantum yield could yield more ROS after the same irradiation condition. Many dyes obtained from natural or synthetic sources with high intersystem’s crossing (ISC) which have been used for singlet oxygen reactions. The heavy atom effect has been a valuable chemical approach to increase ISC in several molecules including BODIPY chromophores [6]. Regarding of that, we have designed and synthesized a kind of boron-dipyrromethene derivative with bromine substituted (BDP-Br) which has shown excellent ability of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation for PDT. Then, a simply PE Gylated BDP-Br (PEG-BDP) as some kind of macro photo sensitizer was prepared which has shown superior cellular uptake ability and high efficiency of imaging and curing to PDT therapy in vitro and in vivo [7].

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