Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is present as
anterior knee pain and is a frequent over use disorder that affects the
patellofemoral region. PFPS is the most common cause of knee pain seen
by primary care physicians, traumatology, rehabilitation and sports
medicine specialists. PFPS
involves pain on the patella and retinaculum once intra-articular and
peri-patellar pathology is excluded. For those reasons, the
diagnosis is difficult, because there is no consensus about the
pathophysiology and the treatment remains a challenge. Frequently
chondromalacia is a term used to describe PFPS. Chondromalacia patella
describes the pathologic changes in
the articular cartilage of the patella, such as softening, erosion
and fragmentation. Moreover, some authors consider
chondromalacia patella as a precursor of Osteoarthritis (OA).
PFPS describes complex symptoms and is an exclusion diagnosis,
while chondromalacia patella is a pathologic diagnosis. PFPS is the most common diagnosis in sports medicine, is
present in active individuals in up to 25-40% with knee pain;
although, the true incidence is unknown. PFPS is multifactorial,
resulting from an interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Overuse, malalignment and trauma are some causative factors. Abnormal tissue homeostasis that include inflamed synovial
lining and fat pad tissues, retinacular neuromas, increased
intraosseous pressure and increased osseous metabolic activity
of the patella are believed to cause pain and dysfunction.
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For more articles please click on Novel Techniques in Arthritis & Bone Research
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