Opioid Addiction Following Surgery-Global Journal of Addiction & Rehabilitation Medicine-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Global Journal of Addiction & Rehabilitation Medicine

Opioid Addiction Following Surgery

Authored by Jacques E Chelly*

In recent decades but in especially in the last few years, the opioid epidemic sweeping across the nation has grown exponentially in scope and severity. It is estimated that over two million people are addicted to opioids in the United States. Between the years of 1999 and 2015, opioid addiction killed an estimated 183,000 people. In 2015, opioid overdose killed 15,000 and in 2016 it is estimated that more than 63,000 people died from overdose. As a comparison, deaths related to breast cancer are estimated to reach 45,000 per year. Unfortunately, the present estimate is that death from opioid overdose will continue to escalate to over 500,000 in the next few years. According to a report from the CDC, the population at risk is between 25-54 years and seems to affect more women than men. It increased by 5 fold in women compared to 3.6 in men between 1999-2010. The predominance of opioid addiction in teenagers and it relationship with suicide remain grossly unknown. A recent report indicated that death by opioid overdose has become one of the leading causes of the decrease in life expectancy in the United States, a phenomenon similar to what happened during the AIDs epidemic in the 1980s.

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Research about NG-PDT Influence to Thymus-Dependent Lymphocyte Subpopulation from Peripheral Blood of Bronchogenic Carcinoma-Cancer Therapy & Oncology International Journal-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Cancer Therapy & Oncology International Journal

Research about NG-PDT Influence to Thymus-Dependent Lymphocyte Subpopulation from Peripheral Blood of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Authored by Linlin Xu*

To research about PDT influence to thymus-dependent lymphocyte subpopulation from peripheral blood of bronchogenic carcinoma. Taking forty patients as study objects who suffering the bronchogenic carcinoma, the researchers use semi-conductive laser therapy apparatus (made in China) to irradiate the diseased region, and then observe the changed information of thymus-dependent lymphocyte subpopulation from peripheral blood during pre-therapy and post-treatment by immunohistochemical techniques of streptavidin-peroxidase (abbreviation: S-P method). The level of some medical data in pre-therapy is higher than the data in post-therapy (like CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD45RA+, the absolute value of CD45RA+, the absolute value of CD45RA+ and CD45RA+/RO+); And the level of CD45RO+ (P< 0.05) is lower than the data in pre-therapy. Photodynamic therapy provides the technical support with clinic treatment for bronchogenic carcinoma through immune adjustment to enhance the immunologic function.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis – Prevention and Treatment with a Plant-Based Diet-Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal

Rheumatoid Arthritis – Prevention and Treatment with a Plant-Based Diet

Authored by Stewart Rose*

Rheumatoid arthritis has no cure, so long term treatment is indicated. An individual’s dietary choices greatly influence the progression of chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This review shows that the plant-based diet has good scientific evidence of safety and efficacy for both prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have shown significant improvements in specific symptoms, such as number of tender joints, Ritchie’s articular index, number of swollen joints, pain score, duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, and improved laboratory values such as sed rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, and rheumatic factor. Patients placed on a plant-based diet also have a beneficial shift in intestinal microbiota, which correlates with clinical improvement. With respect to prevention, those following a plant-based diet experience a reduction in risk of rheumatoid arthritis by about 50%.

RA patients should be advised that a plant-based diet that includes appropriate amounts of carbohydrate, especially dietary fiber, is important for maintaining the symbiosis of intestinal flora, which could be beneficial for preventing autoimmunity. As disease severity worsens, individuals with RA may experience functional decline that can impact dietary intake. New healthy plant-based convenience foods are a good choice for such patients. Treatment with a plant-based diet is affordable for the patient, has no adverse reactions and no contraindications, and it can be combined with any of the standard treatments. For mild cases it may suffice as a monotherapy. For moderate and severe cases, it may serve as an adjunct, allowing dosage reductions thus lessening the costs and side effects.

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Soft Clay Treatment Using Geo-Foam Beads and Bypass Cement Dust-Civil Engineering Research Journal-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Civil Engineering Research Journal

Soft Clay Treatment Using Geo-Foam Beads and Bypass Cement Dust

Authored by Mahmoud Samir El-kady*

Soft clays are usually classified according to their undrained shear strength, Cu. Values of Cu less than 12.5kPa are associated with very soft clays, whereas, soft clays possess undrained shear strength ranging between 12.5kPa and 25kPa. In addition to the low shear strength of soft clays, they experience high compressibility upon loading. This is why soft clays are considered as problematic for foundation purposes. Also, Geo-foam is an industrial material, characterized by a very low unit weight (average of 20kg/m3) compared to that of the soil. Having a density ranging from 1.0% to 2.5% of that of soil EPS possesses a compressive strength ranging between 70kPa and 140kPa and an elastic modulus ranging between 5MPa and 12MPa, According to Horvath (1997). EPS Geo-foam blocks are used in a wide range of geotechnical applications as a light weight fill.

So, the main objective of this study is to investigate the geotechnical properties of soft clay with Geo-foam beads and bypass cement dust. Also, investigate the possibility of preparing low strength excavatable fill mixtures. For studying the effect of (Geo-foam beads + CBPD) / soft clay on fluid-state and hardened properties of new fill, experimental work was carried out on two groups of mixture (A&B). Different ratios of (Geo-foam beads + CBPD) were added to the mixture to study its effect on flow consistency, dry unit weight, unconfined compressive strength, and shear strength. The results of test conducted on the materials illustrated that, cement bypass dust and excess foundry sand can be successfully used to procedure self-compaction, self-leveling excavatable flowable fill material. The unconfined compressive strength of the studied mixtures without Geo-foam ranged between 271.8kPa and 1405.14kPa at CBPD between 3.88% and 18.63%. The Cohesion values for group with Geo-foam with ranged between 50kPa and 20kPa at Geo-foam between 0.32% and 1.35%. The friction angle of group with Geo-foam with ranged between 10 and 22kPa at CBPD between 0.32% and 1.35%.

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Encephalitis in Course of Mononucleosis- A Case Report-Academic Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatology-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Academic Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatology

Encephalitis in Course of Mononucleosis- A Case Report

Authored by Józefczuk Jan*

Mononucleosis is an acute, contagious viral disease characterized by hyperthermia, enlarged tonsils and surrounding lymphoid tissue and hepatosplenomegaly. We present a case of 17-year-old boy with a typical mononucleosis and a rare complication in the form of oligosymptomatic encephalitis. Rapid and accurate diagnosis, and immediate treatment including acyclovir and other drugs, resulted in full recovery. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a virus belonging to the herpes genus (along with other, including herpes simplex and cytomegalowirus). It is one of the most common viruses in the human organism. In majority of people infection with the virus is asymptomatic. The virus is named after Michael Epstein and Yvonne Barr, who discovered it in 1964. Epstein-Barr virus is able to cause infectious mononucleosis. The disease develops if the first contact with the virus takes place during the puberty period or later. Epstein-Baar virus infection causing infectious mononucleosis rarely leads to encephalitis. Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of cerebral tissues resulting from a direct infection of the brain and/or as a result of immunological reactions leading to dysfunction of the central nervous system.

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Assessment of Salicylic Acid and Trehalose Impact on Root Growth and Water Relations in Relation to Grain Yield of Droughted Wheat Cultivars-Nutrition & Food Science International Journal-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Nutrition & Food Science International Journal

Assessment of Salicylic Acid and Trehalose Impact on Root Growth and Water Relations in Relation to Grain Yield of Droughted Wheat Cultivars

Authored by Heshmat S Aldesuquy*

Drought stress is a major constraint for crop production in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, plant water status could be considered as one of the most critical criteria not only determining but also controlling the overall plant performance. Water stress greatly decreased root biomass, root density and distribution. On the contrary, root length, number of adventitious roots as well as root/shoot ratio was found to increase as a result of drought stress. The inhibition of plant growth under water stress conditions was intensively proved to be associated with altered plant-water relations. Based on our results, we conclude that the drought exposure imposed evident on root growth as well as plant water-relations. On the other hand, the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), trehalose (Tre) or their interaction appeared to mitigate this damage effect of drought with different magnitude throughout counteracting the negative effects of water stress on all growth criteria of root and improving leaf turgidity by decreasing the rate of transpiration, increasing relative water content and decreasing saturation water deficit as well as increasing water use efficiency for economic yield. Grain yield was positively correlated with root fresh mass, root dry mass, root density and root distribution. On the other hand, the grain yield was negatively correlated with root length, root/shoot ratio and the number of adventitious roots of both droughted wheat cultivars. Furthermore, Grain yield positively correlated with transpiration rate, RWC, WUEG, WUEB, osmotic pressure, total soluble sugars, proline, keto acids, citric acid and negatively correlated with SWD, total soluble nitrogen as well as Na⁺and Cl^-.

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Quinoline-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazole-Based Molecules, As Promising Conjugated Hybrids in Biomedical Research-Organic & Medicinal Chemistry International Journal-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Organic & Medicinal Chemistry International Journal

Quinoline-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazole-Based Molecules, As Promising Conjugated Hybrids in Biomedical Research

Authored by Vladimir V Kouznetsov*

Building a single molecular framework containing quinoline and triazoles rings of promising biological activity through molecular hybridization strategy offers the viewpoint of better drugs for the treatment of a number of diseases including cancer, malaria, tuberculosis and other illnesses. Presenting modified selectivity profile, different and/or dual modes of action and reduced undesired side effects, these molecular hybrids are gaining momentum worldwide showing their promise in drug discovery. Such hybrid molecules are usually made efficiently through click chemistry technique using multicomponent reactions. In this paper, we discuss chemistry and biology of some quinoline-substituted 1,2,3-triazole hybrids aiming at a better understanding of physicochemical properties of quinoline-triazole hybrids for designing novel bioactive chemical entities. So, principal Lipinski’ parameters and in silico study (lipophilicity and molecular polar surface area) are also briefly mentioned and applied to selected quinoline-1,2,3-triazole hybrids. The mini-review is divided in two general parts: synthetic aspects of the preparation of these hybrids and their pharmacological aspects paying attention to the widespread dangerous diseases such as malaria, cancer, and human fungal infections, especially systemic mycoses.

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Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection: A Case Requiring Follow-Up in Intensive Care Unit-Journal of Anesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Journal of Anesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection: A Case Requiring Follow-Up in Intensive Care Unit

Authored by Sema Avci*

The community-acquired pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is usually mild. Severe life-threatening pneumonia is rare due to this kind of infection. Our case was a 50-year-old healthy male patient. Patient with bilateral pneumonia, acute respiratory failure and high fever was followed in the intensive care unit and noninvasive mechanical ventilation was performed. IFAT Mycoplasma species IgM 1/80 were positive. This case report shows that community acquired pneumonia with acute respiratory failure is not seen only elderly and immuncompromised patients. This kind of pneumonia may also seen in healthy adults.

A 50-year-old man admitted to emergency room with high fever, cough, sputum, headache and dyspnea. The patient’s medical history and family history were unremarkable. Smoking status was active. On respiratory system examination, tuber sufl on the right middle zone, and inspiratory rales were revealed on the left lung middle side. The patient’s blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg, pulse was 105/beats per minute, fever was 390C, respiratory per minute was 34 and oxygen saturation on finger monitor was 74%. The patient with moderate general status was admitted to the intensive care unit.

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Looking for Unique Event Venues: An Opportunity for Industrial Heritage Tourism-Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology

Looking for Unique Event Venues: An Opportunity for Industrial Heritage Tourism

Authored by Ainara Rodríguez-Zulaica*

Cities hold yearly thousands of special events. We consider as such “a unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs”. Special events are a high percentage of the incomes a destination receives from tourism. Events have become so popular that most companies organize meetings, conferences or exhibitions as part of their marketing strategies; and this sums up with all type of cultural and sport events planned throughout the year in most tourist destinations. Nowadays, one of the biggest demands this industry has, is to look for venues that are unique, special and authentic. Even though theatres, exhibition centers, hotels or universities are still the sites that most organizers use to allocate their events, we must consider that there is a high demand for new and unusual locations, capable of hosting efficiently a special event.

This is where our study on Industrial Heritage Tourism has focused its attention. Most of the cities in European countries count with industrial buildings that have been abandoned and are waiting for initiatives that allow them to be rehabilitated and reused with a new purpose. Our research shows that, in most cases, as part of processes of urban regeneration, these buildings are being reconverted into multifunctional cultural spaces, that can be used with different purposes. When so, one of these purposes is to be venue for special events. This paper summarizes the results of the research that we are still developing, based in the analysis of the new uses of industrial heritage sites in Western and Northern European countries and its impacts according to the 3-bottom line in the destinations and its inhabitants.

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The Global Dispersal of the Non-Endemic Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla in the Ecosystems of the Euro-Asia Coastal Waters Including the Wadden Sea Unesco World Heritage Coastal Area: Awful or Awesome?-Oceanography & Fisheries Open Access Journal- Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Oceanography & Fisheries Open Access Journal

The Global Dispersal of the Non-Endemic Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla in the Ecosystems of the Euro-Asia Coastal Waters Including the Wadden Sea Unesco World Heritage Coastal Area: Awful or Awesome?

Authored by Vincent van Ginneken *

Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfu ß 1967 (Rhodophyta, Gracilariaceae) is a red alga and was originally described in Japan in 1956 as Gracilariopsis vermiculophylla. It is thought to be native and widespread throughout the Northwest Pacific Ocean. G. vermiculophylla is primarily used as a precursor for agar, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. It has been introduced to the East Pacific, the West Atlantic and the East Atlantic, where it rapidly colonizes new environments. It is highly tolerant of stresses (nutrient, salinity, temperature) and can grow in an extremely wide variety of conditions; factors which contribute to its invasiveness. It invades estuarine areas where it out-competes native algae species and modifies environments. The following European coastal and brackish water seas are already invaded: Atlantic, North Sea, Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. The Euro-Asian brackish Black-Sea have not yet been invaded but are very vulnerable to intense invasion with G. vermiculophylla because they are isolated from direct marine influences and have a harsh environment with large salinity, nutrient and temperature fluctuations. The risk of this macro-algae becomes clear that scientists placed G. vermiculophylla among the most potent invaders out of 114 non-indigenous macro-algae species in Europe. Also, some states in the US are invaded (Rhode Island, California, N.& S. Carolina and Virginia), but also Canada, Mexico, Morocco and the North Pacific Ocean. Molecular work indicated its native range is Asia (China, Japan, Korea, South-eastern Russia and Vietnam). Worldwide dispersal is mainly caused by transmission vectors like aquaculture (oysters transport/import) and shipping ballast water. A further global dispersal on this invasive macro-algae can be achieved by strict rules regarding legislation and certification. A possible invasion of new water bodies can also have in some cases positive effects via an extension of the ecological habitat. An unexpected invasion of this invasive drift algae G. vermiculophylla (and other spp.) Furthermore we will calculate on a global scale what contribution G. vermiculophylla might have in the 70% more green biomass which has to be produced before the 2050 when we will live with around 10 billion people at our planet. It is estimated that at 2050 around 350 billion kg of dry weight green biomass needs to be produced in order to solve “The global Ten Billion People Issue” so in theory G. vermiculophylla could account on a global scale around 8, 23% of this tremendous amount of urgently needed green biomass in the salt water marshes of the south-eastern US, coasts of Asia, South America, and Australia without any production costs. Finally, the Rhine feeding the Wadden Sea through the North Sea has a large sewerage system and therefore the water in the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea is phosphate-limited, which does not cover the German and Danish part of the Wadden Sea fed by smaller phosphate loaded rivers. This is the main reason that this Japanese drift algae G. vermiculophylla in the neighboring countries has been doing so well in these parts of the Wadden Sea and is overgrowing our Unesco World Heritage.

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Hospitalized Patients Care Pathway for Stroke and its Determinants in a Reference Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)-Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery

Hospitalized Patients Care Pathway for Stroke and its Determinants in a Reference Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Authored by Lompo Djingri Labodi*

Stroke units and intravenous thrombolysis have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality and post stroke functional sequelae, but they are still embryonic in sub Saharan Africa. However, even in developed countries, long hospital and intra hospital delays still limit their access, hence the interest of a study on the care pathway of patients hospitalized for stroke and its determinants at the Tingandogo University Hospital, in Ouagadougound. This was a prospective longitudinal study of patients consecutively admitted to the Tingandogo University Hospital, from May 2015 to April 2016, for stroke. Sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, clinical and neuroradiological data were analyzed, as well as the characteristics of the pre- and intra hospital care pathway. Anunivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. 52 patients (49.5%) consulted at a health center within ≤3h; 17patients (16.2%) consulted directly with the CHU medical emergencies; 39 patients (37.1%) received cerebral CT scan within ≤2h; pre hospital transport by ambulance and the initial clinical severity of stroke (NIHSS≥17) were independent factors associated with early first time delay; urban residence was the only independent variable associated with early admission to emergency departments; vascular risk factors, pre hospital transport by an ambulance and the initial use of a physician were independent factors associated with early CT scan. The implementation of an organized network of pre and intra hospital care centered on the stroke units, public awareness and training of health professionals on stroke, will reduce the delays in hospital management of stroke.

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On Multidisciplinary Potential Applications of Gauge Theories-Biostatistics and Biometrics Open Access Journal-Juniper Publishers

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On Multidisciplinary Potential Applications of Gauge Theories

Authored by Jean-Pierre Magnot*

We review how gauge theories, initial introduced for classical mechanics and quantum led theory, seem to apply to many fields of research such as information theory, computer science, economy, biology. This non-exhaustive list raises natural question on future developments of this theory. Basically, the mathematical structure of groups is among the best adapted for describing transformations and moves. A path on a group can encode the evolution of a dynamical system, or the moves of an exterior observer with respect to a given system. In the theory of quantum fields, more general objects called principal bundles, which consist in a total space P with fibers isomorphic to a (Lie) group G over a base (simplicial complex or manifold) .M For one of the most simple settings, one can see when the base is a manifold (we call them continuum gauge theories) [1-5]. When the base is a simplicial complex (or a lattice), the models are called discrete gauge theories. They stand formally as an integrated version of the previous ones which (more or less formally again). The physical study consists in solving equations on P or after quantization into fields, in minimizing so-called action functionals. These action functionals are in fact acting on connections, which are infinitesimal expressions of local slices. They can be understood also as differential operators. These delicate settings coming from physics have, in the last twenty years, found two applications to our knowledge

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Observational Study: Cancer Cases Treated with Homeopathy in the Basque Country/Navarre between 2013 and 2015-Journal of Complementary Medicine & Alternative Healthcare-Juniper Publishers

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Observational Study: Cancer Cases Treated with Homeopathy in the Basque Country/Navarre between 2013 and 2015

Authored by Victoria Claramunt Palou*

The Study included 50 women and 15 men aged between 11 and 85 years. There we 44 patients with advanced tumour disease and 21 with early-stage disease. Conventional cancer treatment was chosen by 64 patients and one of them chose homeopathy only. Four patients made important changes in their lifestyle, and 8 had bio-decoding sessions. All patients had taken homeopathic medicines as palliative care tailored to different stages of their disease. A single drug treatment was used in 18 cases, based on the entire case. Ten cases we treated by applying Banergi protocols and constitutional medicine, and 37 cases were treated with different successive or combined drugs, depending on the state of the patient at the time, with the Minotti protocol for palliative care being applied in 9 cases. The predominant homeopathic dilutions were centesimals. The great variability of medications used on each of the patients shows the individuality of patient symptoms with the same clinical diagnosis, as well as the great variability in the criteria of homeopathy doctors when establishes a therapeutic strategy.

Homeopathy has helped to control the tumour disease (patient free of disease) in 10 cases of early stage cancer and 12 cases of advanced tumour disease. Homeopathy was only palliative in 7 cases of early-stage cancer, in 22 cases of advanced tumour disease, and in five other cancers without staging. Homeopathy did not work in one case of early stage cancer, in two cases of advanced tumour disease, and in one case without staging. There were 5 cases in which results could not be assessed at the time of the study. According to the subjective assessment by the homeopathic doctor, homeopathy contributed to the control of tumour disease (patient free of disease with biological and /or imaging tests) in 22 cases, it was palliative in 34 cases, 4 patients died, and 5 cases cannot yet be evaluated. According to the assessment by the patient, it helped to control and improve their quality of life in 55 cases and it does not help them at all in 5 cases. This observational study has enabled us to evaluate the effectiveness of our work in the context of our clinical reality and more accurately describe all parameters involved in the case, including conventional treatments and their impact. Patient opinion is part of the evaluation of the results and requires questionnaires that can be adapted and standardized. Homeopaths carry out their work within an ethical framework bound by civil responsibility and respect for patient autonomy, open to collaboration with the work of the other professionals with a common goal, which is none to cure, relieve the patient, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge.

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