Fibrinolytic Therapy with tPA Failed Because it was Based on a Flawed Concept-Juniperpublishers

Juniper Publishers- Journal of Cardiology

Fibrinolytic Therapy with tPA Failed Because it was Based on a Flawed Concept

Authored by Victor Gurewich

Fibrinolytic therapy has become synonymous with tPA based on the belief that tPA alone was responsible for natural fibrinolysis. Although this assumption was belied from the outset by disappointing clinical results, it persisted, eventually causing fibrinolysis to be discredited and replaced by an endovascular procedure. Since time to reperfusion is the critical determinant of outcome, which in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) means within two hours, a time-consuming hospital procedure is ill-suited as first line treatment. For this purpose, fibrinolysis is better suited. The assumption that tPA is responsible for fibrinolysis is contradicted by published findings. Instead, tPA initiates fibrinolysis which is continued by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) which has the dominant effect. tPA and uPA gene deletion and clot lysis studies showed the activators to have complementary functions, requiring both for a full effect at fibrin-specific doses. They are also synergistic in combination thereby requiring much lower doses. A clinical proof of concept study in 101AMI patients was published. Each received a mini IV bolus of tPA followed by a 90 minute infusion of pro-uPA, the native form of uPA. A near doubling of the 24h TIMI-3 infarct artery patency rate compared to tPA was obtained. In further contrast to tPA, there were no reocclusions and the mortality was only 1%. A sequential combination of both activators, mimicking natural fibrinolysis, holds promise to significantly improve the efficacy and safety of therapeutic fibrinolysis.

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The Ameliorating Effect of Uncooked beans Diet in Cd-1 Mice

Authored by Aduema W

Beans contain serotonin and its precursor, 5-Hydroxytryptophan which have neurobehavioral actions on memory, anxiety, mood and pain. This study was therefore, designed to investigate the ameliorating effect of uncooked beans on pain sensation using three groups of Swiss white mice (control and test) weighing 18g-35g (n=10 each).The control group received normal rodent chow, while the test group received 50g of uncooked beans in 50g of rodent chow per day and serotonin precursor (5HTP) (0.2mg/50g w/w) diet. Water was given adlibitum while daily food and water intake, as well as body weight changes, were monitored during the 30-day study. The formalin tests were used to assess pain sensation. The results showed that in the formalin test, the frequency and duration of paw attention in both phases of the test was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The duration and frequency of paw licks (P<0.05) was also significantly lower in the uncooked beans diet and serotonin precursor group compared to the control. Therefore, consumption of uncooked beans diet may decrease pain sensation.

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Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Soil and Fertilizer Treatment on Winter Wheat Cultivation

Authored by Rae ZH Aliyev

The article gives the results of studies of the effect of soil and fertilizer treatment on the productivity of winter wheat in the Ganja-Gazakh zone of Azerbaijan. The positive effect of fertilizers on plants of winter wheat is manifested only in well-cultivated soils with a reaction of the environment close to neutral. At the same time it is proved that between the intensity of the application of mineral fertilizers and the productivity of grain crops around the world, a close direct dependence is established. Consequently, the highest yield of grain here was obtained in the variant of dung 10t/ha + N90P90K60 57.1 c/ha, an increase of 24.3c/ha or 74.1%, where the yield increase by 40-50% is due to the application of fertilizers.

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Classification System of Drugs-Risk during Pregnancy-Juniper Publishers-Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-GLOBAL JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE

Classification System of Drugs-Risk during Pregnancy

Authored by Stephanie Viroga

The exposure to medicines during pregnancy have a potential risk of teratogenic effects, to facilitate prescription classifications have been created to advice prescribers. The most popular internationally used is the Food and Drugs Administration one. This classification was based in five categories based on evidence of risk, or no risk in pregnancy controlled and animal studies. Multiple limitations have been described for this classification so in 2015 the FDA stated that regulations for information on risks in pregnancy would be modified with narrative descriptions of drug usage during pregnancy and lactation, adding as a new section the potential reproductive risks for both men and women.

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Symbiotic" Hemofiltration Opens Fundamentally New Opportunities for Chronic Renal Failure Compensation_JuniperPublishers

"Symbiotic" Hemofiltration Opens Fundamentally New Opportunities for Chronic Renal Failure Compensation

Authored by EA Yumatov

Widely used nowadays hemodialysis and hémofiltration cannot replace completely the excretory function of human kidneys in natural conditions of physiological regulation. Healthy human kidneys are capable to purify patient's blood from uremic substances better than any artificial device with no doubt. Previously, we proposed a "method of "symbiotic” compensation of chronic renal failure (CRF) in humans”, based on the use of healthy human kidneys natural physiological function to purge patient's blood plasma from waste substances subjected to be excreted. In the method, the clearance of blood plasma from metabolites in CRF patients is based on the temporary association of healthy human and patient's circulations. The disadvantage of this method is to mix the blood of a patient and a healthy person. Therefore, this method has certain limitations associated with the necessity of a careful partners selection with the absolute blood type compatibility.

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Review Article on Impact of ATM Service on Customer Satisfaction

Authored by Benyam Tadesse

In banking industry, e-services are revolutionizing the way business is conducted. Electronic based business models are replacing conventional banking system and most banks are rethinking business process designs and customer relationship management strategies. It is also known as e-banking, online banking which provides various alternative e-channels to using banking services i.e. ATM, credit card, debit card, internet banking, mobile banking, electronic fund transfer, electronic clearing services etc. however, as per e-banking scenario ATM and mobile banking are most acknowledged than other e-channels [1]. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) refers to a machine that acts as a bank teller by receiving and issuing money to and from the ATM account holders/users. ATM means neither "avoids traveling with money” nor "any time money,” but certainly implies both. ATM cards are fast replacing confounding withdrawal forms as a convenient way of getting your money from banks. In a way, they are rewriting the rules of financial transaction. A smart person no longer needs to carry a wallet- full of paper money; rather, what he/she needs to do is to fish out an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) card from his/ her pocket, insert it in the slot of the machine, punch in a few details and go home with hard cash [1].

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General Advantages and Disadvantages of the NIK Narcotic Test

Authored by Andrea E Holmes

The NIK Narcotic test is a commercially available colorimetric test kit that is used in law enforcement and in the correction system. Not many validation studies are available in the literature. Therefore, the test has been questioned by various authors who demonstrated that the NIK tests produce false positives. The NIK test was studied in our laboratories and we determined that there are several advantages and disadvantages of the test. Positive aspects include ease of use and the quick turnaround time for the results. Negative points include the high probability of using the incorrect sample size and the subjective nature of color changes that are interpreted by the operator.

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Oxidative Stress in Bacteria Measured by Flow Cytometry

Authored by Daniel Manoil

The CellROX® Deep Red flow cytometry kit (Life technologies) has been developed for the detection of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. It combines a ROS sensitive fluorophore (CellROX® Deep Red) and a "viability” dye (SYTOX® Blue) to allow the detection of non-oxidized, oxidized and damaged cells. The present study investigated the application of these markers to Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subjected to oxidative stress. An optimal concentration of CellROX® has been determined on Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2). Bacteria have been exposed to various H2O2 concentrations and labeled with CellROX® to verify that fluorescence increased along with oxidative stress. Also, bacteria exposed to H2O2 were double stained with CellROX® and SYTOX® Blue and analyzed by flow cytometry. The optimal concentration of CellROX® Deep Red was 4^M for both strains. Fluorescence of bacteria labeled with 4^M of CellROX® Deep Red increased accordingly with the oxidative stress applied. Flow cytometry analysis of double stained samples showed bacteria subpopulations with increased CellROX® signal when stressed, and higher SYTOX® Blue uptake under higher oxidative stress. Results indicate that CellROX® Deep Red can be applied to measure oxidative stress in E. faecalis and F. nucleatum. The combination of CellROX® and SYTOX® Blue allowed the discrimination of non-oxidized, oxidized and damaged bacteria.

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Evaluation of Pre-Transplant Risk Factors as Independent Predictors on the New Onset of Diabetes after Renal Transplants (NODAT)- Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- Open access journal of Endocrinology and Thyroid

Authored by Debmalya Sanyal

One of the most potential complications in renal allograft recipients is post- operative impaired glucose tolerance leading to frank de novo Diabetes Mellitus known as New Onset Diabetes after Transplant (NODAT). It is multifactorial and is pathogenically similar to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Having a variable incidence, it is usually associated with an increased risk of infection, cardiovascular morbidity, and graft dysfunction which can eventually cause mortality or loss of the allograft. In this study we aimed at comparing pre-operative risk factors namely age, sex, gender, insulin resistance (estimated by HOMA-IR), ß cell function (estimated by HOMA-ß), pre-operative fasting plasma glucose, post-operative fasting plasma glucose, tacrolimus level, induction ATG and hepatitis C virus status as an implicating factor for those who developed NODAT in post-operative period versus those who maintained an euglycemic status throughout the study period (non-NODAT). The study was carried out at the renal transplant unit of NHRTIICS, Kolkata between Jan 2013 to Feb 2014.

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The Effect of Family History of Diabetes and Middle Eastern Background on Abdominal Obesity is Modified by Gender: A Population based Cross-Sectional Study

Authored by Louise Bennet

Abdominal obesity is on the increase worldwide and ethnic minority groups are at high risk. However, studies of the underlying causes are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and to identify metabolic, lifestyle and socio-demographic risk factors associated with abdominal obesity in male and female residents of Malmö, a city in southern Sweden, comparing those born in Iraq with those born in Sweden. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study from 2010 to 2012. Both male and female residents of Malmö, aged 30-75 years, born in Iraq (n=1387) or Sweden (n=749), underwent a physical examination. Fasting blood samples were drawn and socio-demography and lifestyle were characterized using questionnaires. Associations with abdominal obesity were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men) was highly prevalent and was most common in Iraqi-born women (Iraqi-born women 89.2% vs. Swedish women 73.1%, p<0.001, Iraqi-born men 70.2% vs. Swedish men 63.6%, p<0.003). Furthermore, family history of diabetes was more prevalent in participants born in Iraq than those born in Sweden (53.6% vs.28.5%, p<0.001). Based on the total study population, female gender, Middle Eastern background, family history of diabetes and depression conveyed higher odds of abdominal obesity. Family history of diabetes and Middle Eastern origin conveyed higher odds of abdominal obesity in females than in males (Pinteraction: Female gender*Family history=0.023; Pinteraction: Female gender*Middle Eastern origin =0.011).

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The Analytical Covariance Matrix for Regime - Switch in Models-Juniper Publishers-Biostatistics and Biometrics Open Access Journal

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOMETRICS OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL

The Analytical Covariance Matrix for Regime - Switch in Models

Authored by Andrea Beccarini

This letter provides an analytical solution for the covariance matrix related to the (mean) parameters of the standard Markov-switching model. The importance of avoiding numerical procedures to estimate this matrix is also highlighted. Simulations are also performed in order to verify, in small samples, the actual advantage of the analytical formula. The seminal paper of Hamilton provides a very attractive way to estimate regime-switching parameters of a model where the latent variable governing the regime switching enters the model without its lags. In this case, closed form solutions for these estimates are available. Surprisingly, Hamilton and the subsequent applied and theoretical literature do not consider a closed form solution for the related covariance matrix. Thus, the covariance matrix is generally found by numerical procedures whose aim is generally to estimate both the point Markov- switching (M-S) estimates and their covariance matrix in the maximum likelihood (ML) framework.

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Modern Materials in Surgical Correction of Genital Prolapse

Authored by Ishchenko Anton Anatolievich

Genital prolapse is a disease manifested by the displacement of the uterus and the vaginal walls to the genital slit and/or by going beyond it. At the basis of this pathology lies the dysfunctionalityof the ligament apparatus of the internal genital organs and the muscles of the pelvic floor. The causes of this pathology include physical, genetic, age, hormonal factors. Pelvic prolapse is a very urgent problem, due to the high incidence in bothpatientof thereproductive age and postmenopausal women, as well as the projected increase in morbidity in countries with excessive fertility and in countries with a high life expectancy. The most preferred method of treatment is surgical correction, based on neo-fasciogenesis with the use of gridimplants. In this study, 37 operations were performed using a titanium implant, wherethe patients were divided into three groups[1-4]. 

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Clinical Hepatocyte Transplantation (ARGH)-Juniper Publishers

 

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-ADVANCED RESEARCH IN GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

 

 

CLINICAL HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION

Authored by Toshio Miki

A severe shortage of suitable allograft is a long-standing and worldwide problem for the patients who are waiting for organ transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation has been proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach for liver disease patients to address these urgent and unmet medical needs. The cell replacement approach does not replace the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but rather complement OLT especially for the patients who are not required whole liver replacement such as congenital metabolic disorders. This review article summarizes current knowledge and limitations of clinical hepatocyte transplantation and aims to advance our understanding towards the goal of developing novel cell replacement therapies for the patients who are on the OLT waiting list.

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