Tuesday, October 9, 2018

Structural Evaluation of Human Cartilage after Femoral Neck Fracture with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (NTAB) - Juniper Publishers



Consequences of hip fractures are quite adverse and severe result in high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fragility fractures account for more disability-adjusted life years (DALY) than most common cancers in Europe [1]. Most Europeans have a high hip fracture risk which is related to the phenomenon called the “Graying of Europe” not to mention life style factors that accompany urbanization. These are the main causes of the increasing trends of osteoporosis and other age-related co-morbidities that increase the risk of falls. Among the many risk factors for osteoporosis and in particular hip fracture we would like to emphasize the ones that seem to have relevance in this geographical area. These include calcium-vitamin D homeostasis, physical activity, the obesity epidemic and socioeconomic prosperity. In conjunction with bone health as highlighted by Sebestyen et al. [2] seasonality also influences patient outcome in the age group of 60 and above. Complication rates were significantly in winter months than in other seasons suggesting that this is related to vitamin D deficiency.


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Fatal Ethylene Glycol Intoxication(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers



Clinical and forensic laboratories frequently have to face cases of severe intoxication from ethylene glycol, because of its wide availability, and thus its use as an additive in various housekeeping and commercial products such as anti-freezing agent, car batteries and solvents for dyes. The majority of ethylene glycol poisonings is related to suicide attempts (intentional ingestion) and to misguided or debilitated alcoholics (accidental ingestion or cheap substitute of alcohol) [1]. Ethylene glycol is metabolized to several toxic organic acids by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases [2]. While EG itself exerts an acute depression of the central nervous system, glycolate and other acidic metabolites seem to be responsible for the acute toxic effects such as acidosis, hyperventilation, hypoxia, congestive heart failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome [3,4]. Oxalate causes delayed renal failure due to precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals. After 24 hours, renal symptoms typically predominate, which if left untreated can lead to multiorgan failure and finally death [5]. We present case report of fatal EG-ingestion and the development of new GC/MS method for the quantification of this analyte, in order to illustrate the lethal potential of this common and widely available product.

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Friday, October 5, 2018

Suggestions for Evaluation of Programs Designed To Reduce Recidivism among Juvenile Justice- Involved Youth(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers




This paper discusses suggested evaluation designs for of criminal justice programs focused on reducing the recidivism rate among juvenile. Various concerns related to traditional experimental and quasi-experimental designs are examined. Evaluation consultants and doctoral students who are planning to study potential impact of criminal justice social interventions are highly recommended to consider advantages and disadvantages of possible evaluation designs. It is essential that program evaluators are able to identify areas in need of improvement, and specify evidence of the program benefit to youth involved in the juvenile justice system. Rigorous program evaluation can help establish these benchmarks and also provide agencies with feedback needed to improve implementation and optimize program efficacy. This paper also notes that the mission of evaluators and researchers should be focused on generating accurate and highly beneficial findings for program participants. In other words, the greatest beneficiaries of human service evaluation and research products should be those individuals in need (e.g., youth involved in the juvenile justice system).

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Examining Changes in Attitudes on the Death Penalty: 40 Years of Public Opinion(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers





Since the first recorded execution in what is now the United States in 1608 few social and legal issues have engendered the controversy of the death penalty. The history of support for the death penalty is marked by large swings in public opinion, from a low of 42% in 1966 to a high of 80% in 1994. Since 1994, support for the death penalty has gradually declined to its current level at 60%. This research examines 40 years (1974-2014) of public opinion on the death penalty from the General Social Survey. While previous research typically focused on two or three demographic factors to explain attitudes towards the death penalty, this research is the first to examine trends across 40 years and the relationship between 13 significant independent variables and the death penalty. Support for the death penalty is strongest among married White males, age 30-69, who have an associate's degree, and who identify as Republican, conservative, and Protestant.


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Thursday, October 4, 2018

Increased Pulmonary Venous Resistance in the Critically Ill Patients - Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers-Open Access Journal of Anesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine



In patients with sepsis, the presence of radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema may not necessarily indicate the fluid overload. The increased pulmonary venous resistance by endotoxemia can develop pulmonary edema in the absence of left ventricular volume overload. Development of pulmonary edema in this situation can contribute to less aggressive efforts of intravascular volume expansion, thus leading to hypovolemia. A previous study examined risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO), using the NHSN TACO Definition 2016 to identify cases of TACO, without defining the intravascular volume status. The problem is that most of criteria in NHSN TACO Definition 2016 could be explained by the increased pulmonary venous resistance rather than by TACO. In many cases there were probably no TACO. Interestingly, more patients in TACO group in that study had been on β-adrenergic blocker preoperatively, which increases pulmonary venous resistance by blocking β2-adrenergic vasodilating effect. Inhalation of Salmeterol may prevent acute pulmonary edema by decreasing pulmonary venous resistance. The low pulmonary venous resistance would keep the lung water low. Likewise, possibility that the radiographic appearance of pulmonary edema by the increased pulmonary venous resistance, despite the absence of the left ventricular overload, could have contributed to less aggressive efforts of intravascular volume expansion, thus leading to hypovolemia in many cases of Sepsis-3 Definition, cannot be excluded. In conclusion, without considering the possible presence of the increased pulmonary venous resistance and/or monitoring intravascular volume status, the validation of any definition regarding circulatory overload or sepsis is questionable.


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Two Cases of Peritonitis Due to Pantoea Species at One Center with Different Outcomes - Juniper Publishers



Two Cases of Peritonitis Due to Pantoea Species at One Center with Different Outcomes by Abdullah Al Hwiesh in Juniper Publishers in JOJ Urology & Nephrology

Abstract:
Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. A variety of microorganisms are identified in these cases and during recent years a new one was included, Pantoea species. In our report, we present 2 cases of patients on Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) with a peritonitis episode caused by this organism. The source of infection in one of the cases was thought to be due to gardening of the plant Basil, while unknown in the other case. In microbiologic culture, this organism was identified and the patients were started on antibiotics with success in one case while the other requiring catheter removal. The number of reported cases with this organism has increased in last years and various infection localizations and clinical progress patterns have been identified. In peritoneal dialysis patients presenting with peritonitis, this organism must be kept in mind.



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Tactical Criminal Investigations: Understanding the Dynamics to Obtain the Best Results without Compromising the Investigation(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers



The Rand Corporation study on criminal investigations [1] has been the classic research on criminal investigations that we refer to when reviewing and the efficacy of the detective in relations to policing. The research that has been conducted and reviewed providing a better understanding of the criminal investigations, case clearance and the detectives role has not been applied in most police departments and as a result very little has change in criminal investigations since the Rand Corporation study. This paper reviews the recent literature on criminal investigations in relations to the Rand Corporation study, and focuses on specific tactics of a criminal investigation to enhance the outcome and create higher clearance rates. Recognizing that U.S. crime statistics from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) may not provide an accurate method to gauge crime and clearance rates tactical criminal investigations in conjunction with a properly managed case management system can produce more accurate data on investigative efficiency and lead to better work performance and accurate clearance rates.


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A Scoping Review on Factors Affecting Cadaveric Decomposition Rates(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers







Post-mortem interval can be estimated using several methods such as entomological study, post mortem changes and taphonomic study, biochemistry of tissues or body fluids from the cadaver etc. The importance of the determination of cadaveric decomposition rate is to enable the forensic pathologist and forensic scientist in estimating the time since death also known as post-mortem interval. With estimation of postmortem interval, the investigating officer could narrow down the search of witness and suspects for a scene of crime or during the death investigation. There are many factors affecting the cadaveric decomposition rate including environmental factors and non-environmental factors. Environmental factors including weather (temperature, humidity etc.), indoor or outdoor, burial or underwater or above ground. Non-environmental factors including body mass/size, wrapping or unwrapped, clothing or unclothed and entomological effects.




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Chargeable in Court vs. Insanity-Mental Illness(JFSCI)- Juniper Publishers


A person can be considered chargeable (responsible for a crime) in the court if proved having a Psychopathic personality. This means that the individual doesn’t suffer from a mental illness and so, thus not qualifying it for the category of non chargeable or insanity. The insanity category includes the mental illnesses, summarized in the DSM-IV, in which the person is not aware of the acts committed at the time of the crime, so he can't be blamed by the court for the acts committed. Psychopathy as mentioned, not being a mental illness, invokes that the accused is fully aware of the acts he has committed in a specific time, or even years, and nevertheless he decides to commit them repeatedly, regardless of the consequences that may result when he is captured, like the eminent incarceration of life time, death penalty by lethal injection (in the majority of US stated), by hanging (e.g. Delaware), electric chair, gas chambers like Wyoming or even by firing (squadron platoon) in Oklahoma and Utah, this last one, only if request by the criminal person, being the last death by firing in 2010. In general terms, Psychopathy is considered to be a personality disorder (not mental illness), in which the individual is fully aware of the malicious acts his practicing and their consequences in the case of being discovered [1].


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What Schools Can Do to Prevent Teen Dating Abuse(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers


As we know from scientific research drawn from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revelations that the adolescent brain, and the region most closely associated with judgment, is not yet fully developed, not until around age 25 or 26 [1]. And with endorphins flooding their brains, young people (or middle aged people in mid-life crisis) are apt to enter into an intimate relationship, with their feet not quite on the ground. We know from a national US school survey that approximately 10% of high school students reported physical victimization and 10% reported sexual victimization from a dating partner in the 12 months before they were surveyed [2]. Most early dating situations have positive or at least neutral results and are good learning experiences because most people are fairly normal and careful not to harm the other person. But in some situations, the personality traits of one of the partners can lead to a lot of pain and misery for both of the individuals. "If only I had known what I was getting into; if only I had seen the signs.


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Overview of the Forensic Photography(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers



Usually when talking about forensic photographers, reference is made to a person who produces a permanent visual record of accidents or crime scenes, but forensic photography also plays an important role all forensic activities including exhumation (Figure 1), autopsies, medical examinations, artifacts, clothing, etc. Forensic photography is characterized by and requires scientific knowledge and techniques to discover and preserve information and details found during the investigation. The main objective is to record and graphically document evidence for legal purposes because it is an element of legal proof. Before taking a photograph, the photographer must analyze the scene and the elements needed in the shooting (e.g.: appropriate ISO, aperture, speed angle of view to avoid potential distortions of distance, lighting conditions, lens, etc.) in order to obtain the correct results. 

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Antidiabetic properties and metal analysis of Bombax ceiba flower extracts - Juniper Publishers



The plant may be considered a bio-synthetic laboratory, not only for the bio-chemicals such as carbohydrates, protein, and lipid that are utilized as food by man, but also for a multitude of compounds like glycosides, alkaloids, tannins etc, that exerts physiological effects. The compound those are responsible for therapeutic effects are usually the secondary metabolite. Bombex ceiba plant extracts have been evaluated for its antidiabetic properties by in-vitro inhabitation of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes. The results so far obtained are encouraging by showing inhibition of these enzymes to a large extent. The water and ethanolic extracts of all the plant parts (thalamus and flower) show the highest inhibition as compared to DCM extracts.


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Identification of Femoral Reference Lines and Angles in Saggital Plane-Juniper Publishers



In order to determine or exclude the presence of deformation of the long bone, reference lines and angles (RLU) are used. RLS includes anatomical, mechanical axis of bones, joint lines, as well as anatomical and mechanical angles in the frontal and sagittal planes.Anatomy of the femur in the sagittal plane is of great clinical importance. It affects the position of the point of introduction of the intramedullary stem, the design of the femoral components of the revision hip joint endoprostheses. It is known that the diaphysis of the femur has a physiological bend in the sagittal plane. As a result, the anatomical axis of the femur in the sagittal plane looks like a curved line. In the works devoted to the treatment of deformities of the femur, both for planning the correction of deformities in the sagittal plane and for evaluating the anatomical results of treatment, the authors use only the distal anatomical angle of the femur . However, the use of only anatomical articular angles in the sagittal plane allows one to evaluate the physiological flexure of the femur not throughout the entire diaphysis, but only in the proximal and distal parts of the femur. In addition, the study conducted by WM Tang found that the distal third of the femur has a significantly greater curvature than the proximal and middle third of it. 



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Wednesday, October 3, 2018

ZIKV: What do we know about this Virus? (GJO) - Juniper Publishers


The emergence of Zika virusalerts clinicians about the existence of an unknown before viral infection which if undiagnosed timely can result in unwanted and even catastrophic consequences for the public health system and the individuals. Currently, there are six hundred sixty one cases of the virus detected in the United States and US Territories. This virus is one of the causes of a birth defect-microcephaly, is especially dangerous for pregnant women and women who are planning to get pregnant, can be transmitted through mosquito bites, sexually, perinatally, and through blood transfusions, and recently found to be an additional cause of a debilitating neurological disease Guillain-Barre syndrome.






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Beta Endorphins & Wellness - Juniper Publishers


Beta Endorphins, the endogenous opiates, have been the subject of many recent publications. Beta Endorphin levels have positive effects, particularly on mood and behaviour. Endorphins increased after aerobic exercise, massage, and sex. Beta endorphin is composed of the 31 amino acids and influence the sensation of pain and well being. It has been shown also to Control the craving for chocolate and and potentially addictive substances.

Endorphins also Control feelings of stress and frustration. It Regulate the production of growth and sex hormones and Reduce symptoms associated with eating disorders. The human body produces at least 20 different endorphins with possible benefits and uses that researchers are investigating. Beta endorphin appears to be the endorphin that seems to have the strongest affect on the brain and body during exercise; it is one kind of peptide hormone that is formed mainly by Tyrosine, an amino acid. The molecular structure is very similar to morphine but with different chemical properties.


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The Malingering Problem(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers



The Malingering, is the attempt to deliberately lie or not, against the fact that one wants to investigate. DSM-IV defines Simulation as production of false or exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms motivated by external incentives. The fact proved will always be (in principle), irrefutable before the lie and is the main point to unmask the lie. The issue of lying and simulation is depending on part of the subject with which we are dealing. Usually the people with higher education, may find that they can more easily omit or lie about the truth of the facts, and may be more time-consuming unmasks them. It is also important to analyze whether the accused is in this situation of hearing (in court), for the first time, or whether he or she is already coming to court other times, as well as determining their individual, personal and professional background. The components of personality, affections and feelings should be analyzed


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Novel Ankle Brace for Rapid and Ambulatory Recovery from a Distal Fibular Evulsion Fracture in a 68 YO Man- Juniper Publishers


This is a case report of a lateral evulsion fracture of the distal fibula of the left foot. A novel lightweight brace is described that enables normal ambulation, normal weight bearing, normal healing, and good compliance since it can be worn with normal shoes under the pants. The results suggest that complete immobilization with a cast or CAM walker and extensive non-weight bearing and time off work is not necessary for some patients with non-displaced, distal fibular fractures and that prolonged periods of immobilization and more sophisticated braces are not cost and do not result in superior recovery.

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Quality Management in Forensic Disciplines- Juniper Publishers

The security challenges that today’s environment is facing on a daily basis are innumerable. In fact, these are setting new standards for objective evidence and appealing certain specific competencies that should be always based on quality management. With the technological advancements made in the past century, forensic disciplines and resources had made a quantum leap in providing and reporting results to various stakeholders and floors which were beneficial and significant to criminal justice systems and also to societies which forensic experts have to be ethically accountable in their end investigations. This brought certain specific opportunities for improvement in various areas. On top of the agenda, quality assurance and quality control in our lines of expertise. Two scenarios that one can write volumes about these significant and ethical matters. However, by opting for these measures one can entertain a quality management system reducing or eventually eradicate errors and misunderstandings. By initiating certain management tools such as six-sigma and Ishikawa diagrams, one would start building a total quality management approach for a sustainable forensic setting. It is high time for forensic departments and institutions to continue its development by achieving certifications from national accredited bodies pertaining to different and significant standards depending on their tests and analysis being done in their premises. This will create an accountable and ethical atmosphere which the main stakeholders will benefit from.

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For more articles please click on Journal of Forensic Sciences & Criminal Investigation
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Cold Case Investigation: The Ellen Sherman Case(JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers



Recent statistics from the FBI indicate that only approximately 62 % of the homicides in the United States are solved. Clearance of a homicide case requires the proper recognition of physical evidence, detailed documentation of all aspects of the scene, awareness of those variables that can make a difference in the scientific evaluation of the crime scene, and appropriate laboratory examination of physical evidence. When homicide cases become "cold,” these factors develop new significance. In 1985, Ellen Sherman was found dead in her home. Her husband was initially eliminated as a suspect because he was far away at the estimated time of death. The case remained unsolved until a careful review of all of the circumstances surrounding the death and the original condition of the crime scene brought important facts to light. This case is a clear example of how the most basic rules of first responders and crime scene investigation must be followed to provide a clear and scientific answer to critical investigative questions.
https://juniperpublishers.com/jfsci/JFSCI.MS.ID.555578.php 
https://juniperpublishers.com/jfsci/pdf/JFSCI.MS.ID.555578.pdf
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Prevention of Wildlife Trafficking and Poaching In Tanzania by Using Forensic Science Technological Approach (JFSCI) - Juniper Publishers



Tanzania is located on the eastern coast of Africa. It lies between 1 degree and 11 degrees south of the Equator. It is bordered by Uganda and Kenya to the north. Its southern neighbors comprise of Zambia, Mozambique and Malawi. Burundi, Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Rwanda border it in the West. It covers a massive area of slightly over 900,000,000 km. sq. including the Island of Zanzibar, Mafia and Pemba. Tanzania is having a great wealth in Wild animal species, fish and natural resources. These animal species are confined in natural geographic barriers called national parks and conservation authorities such as Serengeti, Tarangire, Mikumi, Manyara, Ngorongoro, Selous, Kilimanjaro, Momela, Ruaha etc [1].


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Suppression of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Plant Extracts in Faba Bean Plants- Juniper Publishers

  Organic & Medicinal Chemistry- Juniper Publishers Abstract The virus was obtained from faba bean plants that were naturally infected. ...